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In popular music, a break is an instrumental or percussion section during a song derived from or related to stop-time – being a "break" from the main parts of the song or piece. A solo break in jazz occurs when the rhythm section stops playing behind a soloist for a brief period, usually two or four bars leading into the soloist's first chorus. A notable recorded example is Charlie Parker's solo break at the beginning of his solo on "A Night in Tunisia". In DJ parlance, a break is where all elements of a song (e.g., pads, basslines, vocals), ''except for percussion'', disappear for a time. This is distinguished from a breakdown, a section where the composition is deliberately deconstructed to minimal elements (usually the percussion or rhythm section with the vocal re-introduced over the minimal backing), all other parts having been gradually or suddenly cut out.〔Brewster, Bill and Broughton, Frank (2003). ''How to DJ Right: The Art and Science of Playing Records'', p. 79. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3995-7.〕 The distinction between breaks and breakdowns may be described as, "Breaks are for the drummer; breakdowns are for hands in the air".〔 In hip hop and electronica, a short break is also known as a "cut", and the reintroduction of the full bass line and drums is known as a "drop", which is sometimes accented by cutting off everything, even the percussion. ==Break== A break may be described as when the song takes a "breather, drops down to some exciting percussion, and then comes storming back again"〔 and compared to a false ending. Breaks usually occur two-thirds to three-quarters of the way through a song.〔 According to Peter van der Merwe〔van der Merwe, Peter (1989). ''Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music'', p. 283. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.〕 a break "occurs when the voice stops at the end of a phrase and is answered by a snatch of accompaniment," and originated from the bass runs of marches of the "Sousa school". In this case it would be a "break" from the vocal part. In bluegrass and other old time music, a break is "when an instrument plays the melody to a song idiomatically, i.e. the back-up played on the banjo for a mandolin 'break' may differ from that played for a dobro 'break' in the same song".〔Davis, Janet (2002). ''(Bay's ) Back-Up Banjo'', p.6. ISBN 0-7866-6525-4.〕 According to David Toop,〔Toop, David (1991). ''Rap Attack 2: African Rap To Global Hip Hop'', p. 113-115. New York: Serpent's Tail. ISBN 1-85242-243-2.〕 "the word ''break'' or ''breaking'' is a music and dance term, as well as a proverb, that goes back a long way. Some tunes, like 'Buck Dancer's Lament' from early in the nineteenth century, featured a two-bar silence in every eight bars for the break—a quick showcase of improvised dance steps. Others used the same device for a solo instrumental break; a well-known example being the four-bar break taken by Charlie Parker in Dizzy Gillespie's tune 'Night in Tunisia'." However, in Hip Hop, today the term ''break'' refers to ''any'' segment of music (usually four measures or less) that could be sampled and repeated. A break is any expanse of music that is ''thought of as a break'' by a producer. In the words of DJ Jazzy Jay, "Maybe those records (breaks are sampled ) were ahead of their time. Maybe they were made specifically for the rap era; these people didn't know what they were making at that time. They thought, 'Oh, we want to make a jazz record'".〔Leland and Stein 1987: 26, cited in Schloss 2004.〕〔Schloss, Joseph G. (2004). ''Making Beats: The Art of Sample-Based Hip Hop'', p. 36-37. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6696-9.〕 ==Break beat (element of music)== A break beat is the sampling of breaks as (drum loop) beats, (originally found in Soul tracks) and their subsequent use as the rhythmic basis for hip hop and rap. It was invented by DJ Kool Herc, a Jamaican, the first to buy two copies of one record so as to be able to mix between the same break or, as Bronx DJ Afrika Bambaataa describes, "that certain part of the record that everybody waits for--they just let their inner self go and get wild," extending its length through repetition.〔 A particularly innovative style of street dance was created to accompany break beat-based music, and was hence referred to as "The Break", or breaking. In the 1980s, charismatic dancers like Crazy Legs, Frosty Freeze, and the Rock Steady Crew revived the breaking movement. More recently, electronic artists have created "break beats" from other electronic music. Compare with "breakbeat" below. Although DJ Kool Herc is usually credited with being the first to cut between two copies of a record, it is likely that there were a number of like-minded DJ's developing the technique at the same time. For example, Walter Gibbons was noted in first-hand accounts by his peers for cutting two copies of the same record in his discothèque gigs of the mid 1970s. Hip hop break beat compilations include ''Hardcore Break Beats'' and ''Break Beats'', and ''Drum Drops''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Break (music)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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